{"id":2168,"date":"2020-05-11T18:42:28","date_gmt":"2020-05-11T15:42:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/hansu.av.tr\/?p=2168"},"modified":"2020-10-03T13:55:13","modified_gmt":"2020-10-03T10:55:13","slug":"kuresel-covid-19-salgininin-isci-ve-isveren-iliskisine-etkileri-ve-bu-kapsamda-yapilan-guncel-hukuki-duzenlemelerin-degerlendirilmesi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hansu.av.tr\/tr\/kuresel-covid-19-salgininin-isci-ve-isveren-iliskisine-etkileri-ve-bu-kapsamda-yapilan-guncel-hukuki-duzenlemelerin-degerlendirilmesi\/","title":{"rendered":"K\u00fcresel Covid-19 Salg\u0131n\u0131n\u0131n \u0130\u015f\u00e7i ve \u0130\u015fveren \u0130li\u015fkisine Etkileri Ve Bu Kapsamda Yap\u0131lan G\u00fcncel Hukuki D\u00fczenlemelerin De\u011ferlendirilmesi"},"content":{"rendered":"

Giri\u015f<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n

Koronovir\u00fcs hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131, insanlar\u0131 etkileyen bula\u015f\u0131c\u0131 bir solunum yolu hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 olup;\u00a0 ilk olarak 2019 y\u0131l\u0131 Aral\u0131k ay\u0131nda \u00c7in\u2019 in Wuhan eyaletinde g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n ivme kazan\u0131p, k\u0131sa zamanda pek \u00e7ok \u00fclkeye yay\u0131lmas\u0131ndan sonra D\u00fcnya Sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc (WHO); Covid-19 hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131\u00a0pandemi<\/i>\u00a0olarak ilan etmi\u015ftir. \u00dclkemizde ise ilk Covid-19 vakas\u0131 11 Mart tarihinde tespit edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

K\u00fcresel Covid-19 salg\u0131n\u0131n bula\u015f\u0131c\u0131 olmas\u0131 ve hen\u00fcz bir tedavisinin olmamas\u0131 sebebiyle; \u00fclkemizde ve d\u00fcnyada \u00f6zellikle ekonomi, hukuk ve idari alanlarda bir\u00e7ok sorun meydana getirece\u011fi ku\u015fkusuzdur.<\/p>\n

Bu yaz\u0131m\u0131z i\u00e7eri\u011finde ise Covid-19 salg\u0131n\u0131 nedeniyle, i\u015f\u00e7i-i\u015fveren ili\u015fkisinde muhtemel\u00a0 merak edilen konular ve g\u00fcndeme gelebilecek hukuki uyu\u015fmazl\u0131klar ile bu kapsamda al\u0131nan tedbirlere\u00a0 y\u00f6nelik s\u0131k kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lan sorularla ilgili bilgilendirme yap\u0131lmas\u0131 ama\u00e7lanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

1.\u0130\u015fverenin, Covid-19 salg\u0131n\u0131 sebebiyle hastalanan yahut \u00f6len i\u015f\u00e7iye kar\u015f\u0131 hukuki sorumlulu\u011fu var m\u0131d\u0131r?<\/b><\/p>\n

Covid-19 salg\u0131n\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda i\u015fverenlerin D\u00fcnya Sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc ve T.C. Sa\u011fl\u0131k Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n \u00f6neri ve g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerini g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurarak gerekli t\u00fcm \u00f6nlem ve tedbirleri almas\u0131 gerekmektedir.\u00a0( \u00d6rne\u011fin; i\u015f\u00e7ileri bilgilendirmeli, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n bir arada bulunduklar\u0131\u00a0 ve \u00f6zellikle ortak kullan\u0131m alan\u0131nda olan yemekhane, kantin, tuvalet gibi alanlar\u0131n hijyenini sa\u011flamal\u0131, el dezenfektan\u0131, t\u0131bbi maske, ka\u011f\u0131t mendil gibi koruyucu ekipmanlar\u0131 sa\u011flamal\u0131, yurtd\u0131\u015f\u0131 seyahatlerini m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011funca ertelemeli gibi\u2026)\u00a0<\/i>\u0130\u015f\u00e7iler de bireysel olarak korunmak ve yay\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 engellemek ad\u0131na t\u00fcm \u00f6nlemleri almak ile y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr.\u00a0(Ki\u015fisel hijyenine dikkat etmek, hasta hissetmesi halinde bildirmek gibi\u2026)<\/i>\u00a0\u0130\u015fveren taraf\u0131n i\u015f\u00e7inin sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131na y\u00f6nelik bu tedbirleri ve \u00f6nlemleri i\u015f\u00e7iye yaz\u0131l\u0131 olarak tebli\u011f etmesi ve bu tebli\u011f i\u015flemi ile i\u015f\u00e7iye bildirilen tedbir ve \u00f6nlemlere ili\u015fkin bildiri i\u015fveren taraf\u0131n y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ifa etti\u011finin ispat\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan i\u015f\u00e7inin \u00f6zl\u00fck dosyas\u0131nda da muhafaza edilmelidir.<\/p>\n

Bu kapsamda yeterli g\u00fcvenlik \u00f6nlemlerinin al\u0131nmamas\u0131 sonucu i\u015f\u00e7inin \u00f6lmesi veya hastalanmas\u0131 halinde somut olay\u0131n \u00f6zelliklerine g\u00f6re i\u015fverenin hukuki sorumluluk y\u00fckletilebilir, kendisinden maddi ve manevi zararlar\u0131n giderilmesi istenebilir.<\/p>\n

2.\u0130\u015fveren taraf\u0131ndan i\u015f yerinin kamu karar\u0131 gere\u011fi zorunlu yahut kendi insiyatifi ile ge\u00e7ici olarak kapat\u0131lmas\u0131 halinde i\u015fverenin i\u015f\u00e7iye \u00fccret \u00f6deme y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc\u011f\u00fc devam eder mi?<\/b><\/p>\n

T.C. \u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019 n\u0131n 16.03.2020 tarihli Ek Genelgesi\u2019 nde belirtilen i\u015f yerleri k\u00fcresel Covid-19 salg\u0131n\u0131n\u0131n yay\u0131lmas\u0131na ivme kazand\u0131racak\u00a0 nitelikte olmas\u0131 sebebiyle ge\u00e7ici olarak kapat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Zorlay\u0131c\u0131 nedenle i\u015fyerinin bir haftadan fazla bir s\u00fcre durmas\u0131 halinde, i\u015f\u00e7i s\u00f6zle\u015fmeyi s\u00fcresiz fesih bildirimiyle her zaman sona erdirebilecektir. Ancak, i\u015f\u00e7inin s\u00f6zle\u015fmeyi feshetmeyip i\u015fin ba\u015flamas\u0131n\u0131 bekledi\u011fi s\u00fcre i\u00e7in i\u015fverenin \u00fccret \u00f6deme y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc yoktur. Kanuna g\u00f6re i\u015fveren sadece zorlay\u0131c\u0131 nedenle i\u015fin durmas\u0131ndan ba\u015flayarak ge\u00e7ecek bir haftal\u0131k bekleme s\u00fcresinde her g\u00fcn i\u00e7in yar\u0131m \u00fccret \u00f6demek zorundad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

T.C. \u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n 16.03.2020 tarihli Ek Genelgesi\u2019nde yer almay\u0131p, zorlay\u0131c\u0131 neden bulunmaks\u0131z\u0131n i\u015fverenin kendi insiyatifi ile tedbir amac\u0131yla kendi i\u015f yerini kapatmas\u0131 halinde ise kanundan do\u011fan \u00fccret \u00f6deme y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc devam etmektedir.<\/p>\n

3.Uzaktan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma uygulamas\u0131na nas\u0131l ge\u00e7ilir? Uzaktan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma uygulamas\u0131na ge\u00e7ilmesi halinde i\u015f\u00e7i ve i\u015fverenin y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckleri devam eder mi?<\/b><\/p>\n

Uzaktan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma uygulamas\u0131na ge\u00e7ilmesi, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131nda esasl\u0131 bir de\u011fi\u015fiklik oldu\u011fundan; i\u015f\u00e7iye bu durumun yaz\u0131l\u0131 olarak bildirilmesi gerekmektedir. Burada \u00f6nemli olan uzaktan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma hususunda i\u015f\u00e7inin yaz\u0131l\u0131 onay\u0131n\u0131n al\u0131nmas\u0131 ve ileride ortaya \u00e7\u0131kabilecek bir uyu\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131n bu \u015fekilde \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7ilmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r. Uzakta \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma halinde i\u015fverenin tam \u00fccret \u00f6deme borcu devam etmektedir.<\/p>\n

Yine i\u015fveren, uzaktan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ili\u015fkisiyle i\u015f verdi\u011fi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131n yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u015fin niteli\u011fini dikkate alarak i\u015f sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve g\u00fcvenli\u011fi \u00f6nlemleri hususunda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131 bilgilendirmek, gerekli e\u011fitimi vermek, sa\u011fl\u0131k g\u00f6zetimini sa\u011flamak ve sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ekipmanla ilgili gerekli i\u015f g\u00fcvenli\u011fi tedbirlerini almakla y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

4.\u0130\u015fveren \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131ndan, y\u0131ll\u0131k \u00fccretli izinlerini kullanmalar\u0131n\u0131 talep edebilir mi? Yahut \u00a0 i\u015f\u00e7ileri toplu izne \u00e7\u0131kabilir mi?<\/b><\/p>\n

4857 say\u0131l\u0131 \u0130\u015f Kanunu ve ilgili y\u00f6netmeli\u011fe g\u00f6re; i\u015fveren, i\u015f\u00e7inin istedi\u011fi y\u0131ll\u0131k izin kullanma tarihi ile ba\u011fl\u0131 olmasa da y\u0131ll\u0131k \u00fccretli izin i\u015f\u00e7inin talebi \u00fczerine kulland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. \u0130\u015fveren, bu hakk\u0131n\u0131 iyiniyet kurallar\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde kullanmak zorunda oldu\u011fundan i\u015f\u00e7iyi y\u0131ll\u0131k \u00fccretli izine \u00e7\u0131karmaya zorlayamaz.<\/p>\n

Ancak k\u00fcresel salg\u0131n nedeniyle ortaya \u00e7\u0131kabilecek zararlar\u0131n azalt\u0131lmas\u0131 amac\u0131yla i\u015f\u00e7inin menfaati oldu\u011fu da g\u00f6zetilerek i\u015fverenin tek tarafl\u0131 olarak y\u0131ll\u0131k izin kulland\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olaca\u011f\u0131 kanaatindeyiz.<\/b><\/p>\n

Yine Y\u0131ll\u0131k \u00dccretli \u0130zin Y\u00f6netmeli\u011fi\u2019nin 10. maddesinde; i\u015fverenlerin, Nisan ay\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131 ile Ekim ay\u0131 sonu aras\u0131ndaki s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde, i\u015f\u00e7ilerin t\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc veya bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 kapsayan toplu izin uygulayabilece\u011fi belirtilmi\u015ftir. Bu nedenle;\u00a0k\u00fcresel salg\u0131n\u0131n bu aylarda devam etmesi halinde i\u015fveren taraf\u0131ndan toplu izin kulland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olabilecektir.<\/b><\/p>\n

5.\u0130\u015fveren \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131ndan, \u00fccretsiz izin kullanmalar\u0131n\u0131 talep edebilir mi? Zorla \u00fccretsiz \u00a0 izne \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan i\u015f\u00e7i i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesini hakl\u0131 nedenle feshedebilir mi?<\/b><\/p>\n

\u0130\u015fverenin Covid-19 k\u00fcresel salg\u0131n\u0131 sebebiyle i\u015f\u00e7iden \u00fccretsiz izin talebinde bulunabilmesi i\u00e7in bunu i\u015f\u00e7iye yaz\u0131l\u0131 olarak bildirmesi ve i\u015f\u00e7inin de 6 [Alt\u0131] i\u015f g\u00fcn\u00fc i\u00e7inde yaz\u0131l\u0131 olarak kabul edilmesi gerekmektedir. \u00dccretsiz izin, i\u015f\u00e7i ve i\u015fverenin kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 anla\u015fmas\u0131 ile kullan\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n

\u0130\u015f\u00e7inin r\u0131zas\u0131 olmadan i\u015fveren taraf\u0131ndan \u00fccretsiz izin uygulamas\u0131na gidilemeyecektir. \u0130\u015f\u00e7inin \u00fccretsiz izni kabul etmemesine ra\u011fmen \u00fccretsiz izne \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7iye hakl\u0131 nedenle fesih imkan\u0131 sa\u011flamaktad\u0131r. Bu halde i\u015f\u00e7i k\u0131dem tazminat\u0131na hak kazanabilecektir.<\/p>\n

\u0130\u015fverenin Covid-19 k\u00fcresel salg\u0131n\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda i\u015f\u00e7i ile \u00fccretsiz izin kulland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 konusunda anla\u015fmas\u0131 halinde ise i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi ask\u0131da kalacakt\u0131r. \u0130\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin ask\u0131da kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcre i\u00e7erisinde ise i\u015f\u00e7i \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmayacak, i\u015fverende \u00fccret \u00f6demeyecektir.<\/p>\n

6.\u0130\u015fveren,\u00a0 Covid-19 sebebiyle\u00a0 i\u015fyerinin tatil edilmesi veya benzer nedenlerle i\u015fyerinde normal \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma s\u00fcrelerinin \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde alt\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 veya tamamen tatil edilmesi ya da i\u015f\u00e7inin talebi ile kendisine izin verilmesi hallerinde telafi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 yapt\u0131rabilir mi?<\/b><\/p>\n

Covid-19 salg\u0131n\u0131n\u0131n yay\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesi ili\u015fkin al\u0131nan tedbirlerden olumsuz etkilenen ve i\u015f yerinde normal \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma s\u00fcrelerini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrmek ya da \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya ara vermek durumunda kalan i\u015fverenlerin bu durumlar\u0131 zorunlu neden olarak de\u011ferlendirip, normal \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma s\u00fcresinden eksik kalan s\u00fcreler i\u00e7in son d\u00fczenleme ile birlikte 4 aya kadar telafi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 yapt\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Tatil edilen \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma s\u00fcrelerinin \u00fccretleri tam olarak \u00f6denmi\u015f olaca\u011f\u0131ndan, telafi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 i\u00e7in ayr\u0131ca \u00fccret \u00f6denmez.<\/p>\n

7.K\u0131sa \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma nedir ve nas\u0131l uygulamaya ge\u00e7ilir?<\/b><\/p>\n

\u0130\u015f ili\u015fkisinin devam\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011flanmas\u0131 ve gelir kayb\u0131n\u0131n k\u0131smen de olsa \u00f6nlenmesi amac\u0131yla; genel ekonomik, sekt\u00f6rel veya b\u00f6lgesel kriz ile zorlay\u0131c\u0131 sebeplerle i\u015f yerindeki haftal\u0131k \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma s\u00fcrelerinin ge\u00e7ici olarak \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde azalt\u0131lmas\u0131 veya i\u015fyerinde faaliyetin tamamen veya k\u0131smen ge\u00e7ici olarak durdurulmas\u0131 hallerinde, i\u015fyerinde \u00fc\u00e7 ay\u0131 a\u015fmamak \u00fczere k\u0131sa \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma yap\u0131labilecektir.<\/p>\n

Bunun i\u00e7in i\u015fverenin her bir i\u015f\u00e7isinin r\u0131zas\u0131n\u0131 yaz\u0131l\u0131 \u015fekilde temin ederek T\u00fcrkiye \u0130\u015f Kurumu\u2019 na ba\u015fvuruda bulunmas\u0131 gerekmektedir. Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te de i\u015fveren taraf\u0131n mal ve hizmet sat\u0131\u015f\u0131na dair performans\u0131n olumsuz etkilendi\u011fine dair ticari kay\u0131tlar\u0131nda da durumun tespit edilebilmesi gerekmektedir. Akabinde ise T\u00fcrkiye \u0130\u015f Kurumu taraf\u0131ndan i\u015fverenin taraf\u0131n k\u0131sa \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma talebine ili\u015fkin uygunluk tespiti yap\u0131lacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

8.K\u0131sa \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma halinde i\u015f\u00e7iye herhangi bir \u00f6denek sa\u011flanacak m\u0131d\u0131r?<\/b><\/p>\n

Son yap\u0131lan de\u011fi\u015fiklikler ile birlikte, hizmet akdinin sona ermesinden \u00f6nceki son\u00a0 60 g\u00fcn\u00a0<\/i>hizmet akdine tabi olanlardan, son \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131l i\u00e7inde 450 g\u00fcn sigortal\u0131 olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131p i\u015fsizlik sigortas\u0131 primi \u00f6denmi\u015f olmas\u0131 halinde k\u0131sa \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma \u00f6dene\u011fine hak kazan\u0131lacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

G\u00fcnl\u00fck k\u0131sa \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma \u00f6dene\u011finden bahsetmek gerekirse; sigortal\u0131n\u0131n son 12 ayl\u0131k prime esas kazan\u00e7lar\u0131 dikkate al\u0131narak hesaplanan g\u00fcnl\u00fck ortalama br\u00fct kazanc\u0131n %60\u2019 d\u0131r. Bu \u015fekilde hesaplanan k\u0131sa \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma \u00f6dene\u011fi miktar\u0131, 16 ya\u015f\u0131ndan b\u00fcy\u00fck i\u015f\u00e7iler i\u00e7in uygulanan ayl\u0131k asgari \u00fccret tutar\u0131n\u0131n %150 sini ge\u00e7emez.<\/p>\n

9.K\u0131sa \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma \u00f6dene\u011fi hangi hallerde kesilir?<\/b><\/p>\n

K\u0131sa \u00e7al\u0131ma \u00f6dene\u011fini,\u00a0 k\u0131sa \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma \u00f6dene\u011fi alanlar\u0131n i\u015fe girmesi, ya\u015fl\u0131l\u0131k ayl\u0131\u011f\u0131 almaya ba\u015flamas\u0131, herhangi bir sebeple silah alt\u0131na al\u0131nmaya ba\u015flamas\u0131, herhangi bir kanundan do\u011fan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma \u00f6devi nedeniyle i\u015finden ayr\u0131lmas\u0131 veya ge\u00e7ici i\u015fg\u00f6remezlik \u00f6dene\u011finin ba\u015flamas\u0131 durumunda kesilecektir. Ancak \u015funu belirtmek gerekir ki; i\u015fveren taraf\u0131ndan k\u0131sa \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma \u00f6dene\u011fine tamamlay\u0131c\u0131 \u00f6deme yap\u0131labilir. Bu k\u0131sa \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya ba\u015fvuru veya \u00f6denek al\u0131nmas\u0131na engel de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n

10. 22.03.2020 tarih 2279 Karar say\u0131l\u0131 \u0130cra ve \u0130flas Takiplerinin Durdurulmas\u0131 hakk\u0131nda karar maa\u015f hacizlerini nas\u0131l etkileyecektir?<\/b><\/p>\n

Bu kapsamda tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lacak olan husus; 22.03.2020 tarihinden \u00f6nce i\u015f\u00e7inin maa\u015f\u0131 \u00fczerinde maa\u015f haczi bulunuyor ise i\u015f\u00e7inin maa\u015f\u0131n\u0131n \u00bc \u00fczerinde yap\u0131lacak kesintinin 30.04.2020 tarihine kadar devam edip etmeyece\u011fidir.<\/p>\n