{"id":3232,"date":"2020-06-06T12:20:06","date_gmt":"2020-06-06T09:20:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/hansu.av.tr\/?p=3232"},"modified":"2021-07-29T16:51:40","modified_gmt":"2021-07-29T13:51:40","slug":"tuzel-kisilik-perdesinin-kaldirilmasi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hansu.av.tr\/tr\/tuzel-kisilik-perdesinin-kaldirilmasi\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u00fczel Ki\u015filik Perdesinin Kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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I. G\u0130R\u0130\u015e<\/strong><\/p>

T\u00fczel ki\u015filik perdesinin kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 kavram\u0131ndan \u00f6nce hukuk i\u00e7inde yer alan ki\u015filer kavram\u0131ndan bahsetmek gerekir. Hukuk d\u00fczeninde yer alan ki\u015filer, ger\u00e7ek ve t\u00fczel ki\u015filer olarak ayr\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Tam do\u011fmak ve sa\u011f olmak \u015fart\u0131 ile ki\u015finin anne karn\u0131ndan \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne kadar olan s\u00fcreyi hukuken tan\u0131mlayan terime ger\u00e7ek ki\u015fi denir. T\u00fczel ki\u015filik ise insanlar\u0131n ticari ve sosyal ama\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 yerine getirebilmesi i\u00e7in bir araya gelmesi ve mallar\u0131n\u0131 bu ama\u00e7 do\u011frultusunda kullanmas\u0131 s\u00f6z konusu olabilir. Bu \u015fekilde meydana gelen, insanlardan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan varl\u0131klara denir.<\/p>

T\u00fcrk Ticaret Hukuku ve \u0130cra \u0130flas Hukuku’nda genel kural, t\u00fczel ki\u015finin i\u015f ve i\u015flemlerinden ortaklardan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olarak t\u00fczel ki\u015fili\u011fin kendisinin sorumlu olmas\u0131d\u0131r. \u015eirket bor\u00e7lar\u0131 sebebiyle ortaklar\u0131n kendilerine ait malvarl\u0131klar\u0131na gidilememektedir. Pay sahiplerinin, \u015firkete kar\u015f\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 sorumluluklar\u0131n\u0131n olmas\u0131 ve \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015fi alacaklar\u0131ndan sorumlu olmamas\u0131, pay sahipleri ile \u015firket alacakl\u0131s\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015filer aras\u0131nda bir perde olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. Olu\u015fan bu durum, pay sahiplerinin d\u00fcr\u00fcstl\u00fck kural\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131 hareket etmesi sonucunda alacakl\u0131lar a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ma\u011fduriyet olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. Bu sebeple kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za t\u00fczel ki\u015fili\u011fin perdesinin kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 kavram\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>

T\u00fczel ki\u015filik perdesinin kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 teorisi, mevzuatlarda d\u00fczenlenmemi\u015f olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen mahkemeler taraf\u0131ndan s\u0131kl\u0131kla uygulanmakta olan bir teoridir. S\u00f6z konusu teori, Yarg\u0131tay 19. Hukuk Dairesinin 24.03.2015 Tarih 2014\/7187 Esas 2015\/4144 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131nda da oldu\u011fu gibi i\u00e7tihatlar ile geli\u015fen ve kabul g\u00f6ren m\u00fcessesedir.<\/p>

II. T\u00dcZEL K\u0130\u015e\u0130L\u0130K PERDES\u0130N\u0130N KALDIRILAB\u0130LECE\u011e\u0130 HALLER <\/strong><\/p>

Baz\u0131 \u015fartlar\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 halinde t\u00fczel ki\u015filik ile pay sahipleri aras\u0131ndaki perde kald\u0131r\u0131larak k\u00f6t\u00fc niyetli pay sahibinin \u015firket t\u00fczel ki\u015fili\u011finden haks\u0131z menfaat sa\u011flamas\u0131 ve bor\u00e7tan kurtulmak i\u00e7in t\u00fczel ki\u015filik arkas\u0131na s\u0131\u011f\u0131nmas\u0131 kanun taraf\u0131ndan engellenmektedir. Bu haller \u015funlard\u0131r;<\/p>

1. \u00d6Z KAYNAK YETERS\u0130ZL\u0130\u011e\u0130<\/strong><\/p>

\u015eirketin ticari hayat\u0131n\u0131 devam ettirebilmesi ve alacakl\u0131lar\u0131n menfaatlerini korumak amac\u0131yla al\u0131nacak \u00f6nlemlerin al\u0131nmamas\u0131 sonucunda \u015firket sermayesinin yetersiz kalmas\u0131 halinde \u00f6z kaynak yetersizli\u011fi kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. \u00d6z kaynak yetersizli\u011finin kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 durumunda, t\u00fczel ki\u015filik perdesinin kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 uygulanarak pay sahiplerinin sorumlulu\u011funa gidilebilmektedir.<\/p>

Pay sahibi ile \u015eirket aras\u0131nda illiyet ba\u011f\u0131n\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve \u015firket \u00f6z kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n yetersiz olmas\u0131 sebebiyle alaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tahsil edemeyen \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015fi alacakl\u0131lar, \u015firket t\u00fczel ki\u015fili\u011finden olan alaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u015firket hissedar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan kar\u015f\u0131lanmas\u0131n\u0131 talep edebilecektir. Uygun illiyet ba\u011f\u0131ndan belirtilmek istenen, alacakl\u0131 her kimin haks\u0131z fiili sebebiyle \u015firketten olan alaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 alam\u0131yorsa, \u015firket malvarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 k\u00f6t\u00fc niyetli \u015fekilde kim bo\u015faltm\u0131\u015f ise alacakl\u0131n\u0131n, o pay sahibinin sorumlulu\u011funa gidebilmesidir.<\/p>

2. HAK\u0130M ORTAKLI \u015e\u0130RKETLERDE PERDEY\u0130 KALDIRMA<\/strong><\/p>

\u0130ki farkl\u0131 t\u00fczel ki\u015fili\u011fe sahip fakat ticari bak\u0131mdan biri di\u011ferine ba\u011fl\u0131 olan \u015firketler aras\u0131nda ana ortakl\u0131k-yavru ortakl\u0131k ili\u015fkisi bulunmaktad\u0131r. H\u00fck\u00fcm yetkisi ana ortakl\u0131kta olup, yavru ortal\u0131\u011f\u0131n hukuki ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 dikkate al\u0131nmamaktad\u0131r. Bu sebeple t\u00fczel ki\u015filik perdesinin kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 halinde yavru ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n bor\u00e7lar\u0131ndan ana ortakl\u0131k sorumlu tutulabilmektedir.<\/p>

3. PAY SAH\u0130PLER\u0130 \u0130LE \u015e\u0130RKET MALVARLIKLARININ B\u0130RB\u0130R\u0130NE KARI\u015eMASI<\/strong><\/p>

Pay sahiplerinin malvarl\u0131klar\u0131 ile \u015eirket malvarl\u0131klar\u0131 birbirinden ayr\u0131d\u0131r. Pay sahibi \u015firkete kar\u015f\u0131 taahh\u00fct etmi\u015f oldu\u011fu sermaye miktar\u0131 ile s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 sorumludur. \u015eirket malvarl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n iyi niyet kural\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde, \u015firket menfaatine ve \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015fi alacakl\u0131lar a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kar kayb\u0131 olmaks\u0131z\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131nda bir sorun te\u015fkil etmese de \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015fi alacakl\u0131lara zarar vermek amac\u0131yla \u015firket malvarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fcr\u00fcstl\u00fck kural\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131 bir \u015fekilde kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 halinde t\u00fczel ki\u015filik perdesi kald\u0131r\u0131larak pay sahibi sorumlulu\u011funa gidilmesi durumu ortaya \u00e7\u0131kacakt\u0131r.<\/p>

III. T\u00dcZEL K\u0130\u015e\u0130L\u0130K PERDES\u0130N\u0130N KALDIRILMASI T\u00dcRLER\u0130 <\/strong><\/p>

1. T\u00dcZEL K\u0130\u015e\u0130L\u0130K PERDES\u0130N\u0130N D\u00dcZ KALDIRILMASI <\/strong><\/p>

T\u00fczel ki\u015filik perdesinin kald\u0131r\u0131labilece\u011fi halleri yukar\u0131da a\u00e7\u0131klanm\u0131\u015f olup t\u00fczel ki\u015filik perdesinin kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 hallerinin en tipik \u00f6rne\u011fi olup t\u00fczel ki\u015filik perdesinin d\u00fcz kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131yla ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r. T\u00fczel ki\u015fiyle ili\u015fkin durumlar\u0131n pay sahiplerini kapsayacak \u015fekilde olmas\u0131 yani t\u00fczel ki\u015fili\u011fe ait bor\u00e7lar\u0131n pay sahiplerinin malvarl\u0131klar\u0131ndan kar\u015f\u0131lanarak \u00f6denmesi t\u00fczel ki\u015filik perdesinin d\u00fcz kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 durumudur.<\/p>

2. T\u00dcZEL K\u0130\u015e\u0130L\u0130K PERDES\u0130N\u0130N TERS KALDIRILMASI <\/strong><\/p>

Pay sahibine ait bir borcun \u00f6denmemesi halinde s\u00f6z konusu orta\u011f\u0131n \u015firket hissesi haczedilebilmekte ve hacizli hisse sat\u0131labilmektedir. Pay sahibinin borcundan dolay\u0131 \u015firket hissesine gidilmesi halinde kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za t\u00fczel ki\u015filik perdesinin ters kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f olur ve t\u00fczel ki\u015fili\u011fin malvarl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan pay sahibinin borcu \u00f6denmi\u015f olur.<\/p>

3. T\u00dcZEL K\u0130\u015e\u0130L\u0130K PERDES\u0130N\u0130N \u00c7APRAZ KALDIRILMASI<\/strong><\/p>

T\u00fczel ki\u015filik perdesinin \u00e7apraz kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 durumu genellikle grup \u015firketleri i\u00e7in kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kmakta olup, grup \u015firketine ait yavru \u015firketin borcundan kaynakl\u0131 olarak \u00f6ncelikle ana \u015firketin sorumlulu\u011funa gidilir. Ana \u015firketin sorumlulu\u011funa gidildikten sonra ana \u015firkete ait ba\u015fka bir yavru \u015firketin sorumlulu\u011funa gidilerek yavru ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n malvarl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan alacakl\u0131 bulunan ki\u015finin borcu \u00f6denmi\u015f olur.<\/p>

IV. SONU\u00c7<\/strong><\/p>

D\u00fcr\u00fcstl\u00fck kural\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131 \u015fekilde \u015firket malvarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bo\u015faltan ortaklar veya di\u011fer \u015firketler bu \u015fekilde zarar verdikleri alacakl\u0131lar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 birlikte sorumludurlar. Bu durumda \u015firket alacakl\u0131s\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015fi, alaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tahsil etmesine engel olan orta\u011f\u0131n ya da \u015firket ana ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n sorumlulu\u011funa gidebilecektir. Mahkeme, as\u0131l bor\u00e7lu \u015firketin malvarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u015firket orta\u011f\u0131 veya ana ortakl\u0131k taraf\u0131ndan bo\u015falt\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tespit ederse alaca\u011f\u0131n bu ki\u015filerden tahsiline h\u00fckmedecektir.<\/p>

—–<\/p>

Daha fazla bilgi ve sorular\u0131n\u0131z i\u00e7in:<\/strong><\/p>

-\u00a9 Hansu Avukatl\u0131k B\u00fcrosu<\/p>

-Hansu Hukuk B\u00fcrosu Yerli ve Yabanc\u0131 m\u00fcvekkillerine \u00f6zellikle gayrimenkul, \u015firketler, vergi, enerji ve fikri m\u00fclkiyet hukuku alan\u0131nda hizmet veren bir avukatl\u0131k b\u00fcrosudur. Bu b\u00fclten T\u00fcrkiye\u2019 de hukuk alan\u0131ndaki geli\u015fmeleri payla\u015fmak amac\u0131yla haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. B\u00fclten hukuki bir g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f veya y\u00f6nlendirme olarak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmemelidir. \u00d6zel sorular ve sorunlar bak\u0131m\u0131ndan hukuki dan\u0131\u015fman g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

I. G\u0130R\u0130\u015e T\u00fczel ki\u015filik perdesinin kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 kavram\u0131ndan \u00f6nce hukuk i\u00e7inde yer alan ki\u015filer kavram\u0131ndan bahsetmek gerekir. Hukuk d\u00fczeninde yer alan ki\u015filer, ger\u00e7ek ve t\u00fczel ki\u015filer olarak ayr\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Tam do\u011fmak ve sa\u011f olmak \u015fart\u0131 ile ki\u015finin anne karn\u0131ndan \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne kadar olan s\u00fcreyi hukuken tan\u0131mlayan terime ger\u00e7ek ki\u015fi denir. T\u00fczel ki\u015filik ise insanlar\u0131n ticari ve sosyal ama\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4924,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[26,27],"tags":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/hansu.av.tr\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3232"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/hansu.av.tr\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/hansu.av.tr\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hansu.av.tr\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hansu.av.tr\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3232"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/hansu.av.tr\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3232\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7848,"href":"https:\/\/hansu.av.tr\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3232\/revisions\/7848"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hansu.av.tr\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4924"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/hansu.av.tr\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3232"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hansu.av.tr\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3232"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hansu.av.tr\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3232"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}